Ramayan Hindu Raghuvansh ke raja Ram ki gatha hai. Yah Goswami Tulsidas dvara likha gya sanskrit ka ek anupm mahakaavy, smrti ka vh ang hai. Ise ‘ Aadikavya ‘ aur iske kavi Valmiki ji ko ‘ Aadikavi ‘ kaha jata hai. Ramayan gatha me 6 adhyay hai jinhe ‘Kaand’ ke nam se jana jata hai aur isme 25,000 shlok hai.
Ramayan ka samay Tretayug ko mana jata hai. Hindu samay avdhi ko char yugo me vibhajit kiya gya hai aur ve hai – Satyug, Tretayug, Dwaparyug aur Kalyug. Jinki prtayek Chaturyug ( 43,20,000 sal ) ke bad punavriti hoti hai. Purano ke anusar ye mana jata hai ki, ek Kalyug 4,32,000 sal ka, ek Dwaparyug 8,64,000 sal ka hota hai, Tretayug 12,96,000 ka aur Satyug 17,28,000 sal ka hota hai. Is ganna ke anusar Ramayan ka samay krib 8,70,000 sal rha hoga.
Ramayan Meemansa ke rchnakar Dharmasamrat swami Krpatri, Govardhan puri Shankarachary Peeth, Pandit Jvalaprasad Mishr, Shri Raghavendra Charitam ke rchanakar Shree Bhaagavata Anand guru aadi ke anusar Shree Ram avatar Shvetavarah kalp ke satave vaivasvat manvantar ke chaubeesave Tretayug me hua tha. Jiske anusar Shree Raamachandr ji ka kal lagbhag paune do karod varsh poorv ka hai. Iske bare me vichaar Piyush, Bhushandi Ramayan, Padmapuran, Harivansh Puran, Vayu Puran, Sanjivani Ramayan awm Purano se praman diya jata hai.
Ramayan ki kahani ke anusar, raja Dasharath ne apni rajdhani ke rup me Ayodhya ke sath Koshal (uttari audh) pr shasan kiya. Unki 3 patniya, Kaushalya-Mukhy Rani, Sumitra aur Kaikayi thi. Unke char bete- Ram, ( Kaushlya se paida hue sbse bde bete), Lakshman aur Shatrughn ( Sumitra se janme ) aur Bharat ( Sbse km umr ki rani Kaikayi ke bete ) the.
Jb Raja Dasharath budha ho gya, to usne Ram ko rajgaddi me saflata dene ki kamna ki. Aur isliye unhe yuvraj niyukt kiya. Lekin yah sbse chhoti rani, Kaikayi ke liye behad ashisht tha. Jo chahti thi ki uska beta Bharat Dasharath se safal ho. Purv me Raja Dasharath dvara diye gaye do vade ya vardan ka upyog krte hue unhone 14 vrsho tk Ram ke nirvasan aur unke putr bharat ki Sinhasan ki mang ki.
Ek krtvyapurush putr ke rup me Ram ne apni ptni aur Lakshman ke sath nirvasan pr kdm rkha, unke bhai ne unhe sbse jyada pyar kiya. Bharat, jo Ram ko bhut pyar krta tha, ne bhi sinhasan ko swikar krne se inkar kr diya aur junglo me unka pichha kiya. Halanki, Ram ke kehne pr ve Ayodhya laut aaye aur apne nirvasan ki avadhi ke dauran Ram ke nam par shasan krte rhe.
Nirvasan ke dauran Ram jb nasik ke pas Panchavati me jungle me reh rhe the. Tb Lankapti Ravan ki behen ne unse mulakat ki aur Lakshman se usse shadi krne ko kaha. Lakshman ne na keval usse shadi krne se inkar kr diya, blki uska apman bhi kiya. Lankapti Ravan, Rakshas raja ne Sita ko apaharan krke apni behen ke apman ka bdla liya.
Sita ko bchane ke liye Ram aur Lakshman ne lanka ki or chadhayi ki. Jis raste pr Ram ne Sughreev ko apne khoya hua rajy Bali se vaps pane me madad ki is pksh ke liye kritagyata ki nishani ke rup me. Sughreev ne Hanuman ki sewao ki peshakash ki, unke saksham sena ke sath Ram ji ne Lanka pr chadhayi kr di.
Ant me Shri Lanka me Ram aur Ravan ke bich bdi ldayi ke parinamswarup, Ravan prajit aur mare gye. Sita ko vapas laya gya tha is bich me nirvasan ke chaudah vrsh ki avadhi khtm ho chuki thi aur Ram ayodhya laut aaye aur Raja bne. Unhone ek lmbe samay ke liye shasan jari rkha.
Halanki, Ram ki preshani khtm nhi hui thi aur unhe Sita ko apne mahal se bhejne ko majbur hona pda. Kyonki kuchh vishayo me usne Sita ki shuddhata ka sandeh kiya tha. Sita ne antatah Valmiki ke aashram me Aashray paya aur luv aur kush ko janm diya. Ram ne in dono putro ki pehchan ke bare me pta chla jb unhone Ashvamegh ki puja ki aur unke ghode ko in bahadur ladko ne hirasat me liya. In ladko ko bad me Ram safal hua.
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| Writer | Goswami Tulsidas |
| Book Language | Hindi |
| Book Size | 91 MB |
| Total Pages | 693 |
| Category | Religiuos - Hinduism |
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Goswami Tulsidas, Sanskrit Ramayan ke prasiddh rachayita hai jo ‘Aadikavi’ ke rup me prasiddh hai. Unhone sanskrit me Ramayan ki rchna ki. Goswami Tulsidas mul rup se pandit the, unke dvara rchit Ramayan kehlayi. Ramayan ek mahakavy hai jo ki Ram ke jeevan ke madhyam se hme jeevan ke saty ya kartavy se, parichit krwata hai.
Aadikavi shabd ‘aadi’ aur ‘ kavi’ ke mel se bna hai. Aadi ka arth hota hai prthm aur ‘ kavi’ ka arth hota hai kavy ka rachayita. Valmiki ne Sanskrit ke prthm mhakavy ki rchna ki thi jo Ramayan ke nam se prasiddh hai. Prtham sanskrit mhakavy ki rchna krne ke karn tulsidas aadikavi kehlaye.